Over the five years since then, reform has expanded from economic sectors to political affairs, social development, culture, the environment, Party building and the armed forces.

 

-- Initiated in 2015, supply-side structural reform remains the centerpiece of the economic agenda, pruning overcapacity, clearing up the large inventory of unsold homes, curbing debt and lowering business costs.

 

In 2018, the focus will shift to eradicating ineffective capacity, fostering new growth drivers and cutting costs in the real economy.

 

-- Continuing reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) will include changing the share-holder structure, spinning off non-core assets and more innovation.

 

So far, two groups of SOEs in electrical services and civil aviation are experimenting with a mixed-ownership, allowing private or foreign investment in particular companies.

 

-- Rural land ownership reform began to grant farmers more rights to benefit from collective land in villages in 2014. The pilot program, a significant aspect of the rural revitalization strategy, has expanded rapidly.

 

During the past three years, farmers have started to own shares in collective assets and receive returns each year. The rural land ownership system has been streamlined and grassroots governance improved.

 

-- Since the 18th CPC National Congress, more than 600 administrative approvals have been abolished or moved to lower-level offices.

 

In September 2017, the State Council decided to further cut red tape, separating business operation permits from business licenses.

 

-- The latest round of healthcare reform began in 2009, with "healthcare for all" as its core objective. All public hospitals have joined a program to end 60-year practice of drug price markups. Basic medical insurance now covers 1.35 billion people, 95 percent of the population.

 

-- In judicial reform, a more specialized and professional judiciary is evolving. Meddling in law enforcement and judicial affairs is now recorded and reported.