After the failure of their armed rebellion in 1959, the reactionaries of Tibet's ruling class fled to India and subsequently began to campaign for "Tibetan independence" by force, said the white paper titled "Tibet Since 1951: Liberation, Development and Prosperity," released by the State Council Information Office.

 

From the late 1970s, the 14th Dalai Lama and his supporters began to alter their tactics. While continuing to provoke incidents of violence to keep up pressure on the central government, they proclaimed a commitment to "non-violence" and the "middle way" to deceive the world, it said.

 

Since 2011, the 14th Dalai Lama and his supporters have incited Tibetan lamas and lay followers inside China to engage in acts of self-immolation, and released a "Self-immolation Guide" on the internet, giving rise to a surge of self-immolation incidents in some parts of China, the white paper added.

 

 

The reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and other grand Living Buddhas has been subject to approval by the central government since Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), said a white paper issued by China's State Council Information Office Friday.

 

In 1793, after dispelling Gurkha invaders, the Qing government restored order in Tibet and promulgated the Imperially Approved Ordinance for Better Governance of Tibet (the 29-Article Ordinance), improving systems by which the central government administered Tibet, said the white paper titled "Tibet Since 1951: Liberation, Development and Prosperity."

 

The ordinance stipulated that the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and other grand Living Buddhas had to follow the procedure of "drawing lots from the golden urn" and that the selected candidate would be subject to approval by the central government of China, the document said.